|
In 1752, Henry Fielding started a "paper war", a long term dispute with constant publication of pamphlets attacking other writers, between the various authors on London's Grub Street. Although it began as a dispute between Fielding and John Hill, other authors, such as Christopher Smart, Bonnell Thornton, William Kenrick, Arthur Murphy, and Tobias Smollett were soon dedicating their works to aid various sides of the conflict. The dispute lasted until 1753 and involved many of London's periodicals. It eventually resulted in countless essays, poems, and even a series of mock epic poems starting with Smart's ''The Hilliad''. Although it is unknown what actually started the dispute, it resulted in a divide of authors who either supported Fielding or supported Hill, and few in between. ==Background== Fielding started a "paper war" in the first issue of ''The Covent-Garden Journal'' (4 January 1752) by declaring war against "hack writers".〔''Poetical Works'' p. 443〕 In response, John Hill claimed in the ''London Daily Advertiser'' (9 January 1752) Fielding had met with him prior to January and proposed what would be a fake paper war that would involve London writers "giving Blows that would not hurt, and sharing the Advantage in Silence."〔Bertelsen p. 135〕 Such a meeting between Fielding and Hill to discuss the proposed war is believed to have occurred (if it occurred) on 28 December 1751.〔Bertelsen p. 149〕 It is known that Hill met Fielding for legal business between 26 and 28 December 1751 after Hill was robbed.〔Battesin p. 556〕 Before Hill had revealed this information, he attacked Fielding's ''Amelia'' in the ''London Daily Advertiser'' on 8 January 1752. The book's title character, Amelia, was involved in an accident that damaged her face, and Hill, mocking the way Fielding described the scene, claimed that she "could charm the World without the Help of a Nose."〔Sabor p. 96〕 In response to both the revelation and personal attacks, Fielding wrote on 11 January 1752: "If the Betrayer of a private Treaty could ever deserve the least Credit, yet his ''Lowness'' here must proclaim himself either a Liar, or a Fool. None can doubt that he is the former, if he hath feigned this Treaty, and I think few would scruple to call him the latter, if he had rejected it."〔''Covent-Garden Journal'' No. 3, 11 January 1752〕〔Battesin p. 555–556〕 Regardless of the merits of Hill's claim, a war was soon started: by the third issue of ''The Covent-Garden Journal'', Fielding narrowed his satire upon John Hill.〔 Although Hill, Fielding, Smart, Thornton, Kenrick, Murphy, and Smollett were all involved in the dispute, not all of them used their actual names; instead, many preferred to use pseudonyms along with attacks under their own name:〔 Fielding wrote as "Sir Alexander Drawcansir"; Hill wrote as "The Inspector"; Thornton wrote as "Madam Roxanna"; and Smart wrote as "Mrs. Mary Midnight".〔 It was under these pseudonyms that various authors soon responded to Fielding's attacks and to Fielding's plan for a "Universal Register Office", a planned center of advertisement of jobs, goods for sale, and other items.〔Bertelsen p. 137〕 If this was not enough, Fielding started a dispute, just a few months before, with Philip D'Halluin, a former employee who established the competing "Public Register Office" in King Street, Covent Garden, who hired Bonnell Thorton, a friend of Smart, to attack Fielding and Hill.〔〔 However, Hill had previously aided Fielding in this matter.〔Bertelsen p. 138〕 Later, Hill attacked both Fielding and Smart, 13 August 1752, in the only issue of the ''The Impertinent'' to be produced.〔 Although the work was published anonymously, it was commonly known that it was produced by Hill, and he soon followed up the pamphlet with his 25 August 1752 ''The Inspector'' column in the ''London Daily Advertiser''.〔 With the column, he harshly criticized Smart's ''Poems on Several Occasions''.〔 Fielding eventually left the dispute after the sixth issue of ''The Covent-Garden Journal'' was published.〔Goldgar p. 119〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paper War of 1752–1753」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|